【环球时报】张超汉:加强涉外法治人才实践能力

  • 2024年08月23日
  • 西北政法大学
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培养一批政治立场坚定、专业素质过硬、通晓国际规则、精通涉外法律实务的涉外法治人才,是我们统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治的题中之义。目前,我国涉外法治人才培养总体成效显著。但为更有效地维护我国主权、安全、发展利益,我们还需进一步创新人才培养体系,强化涉外法治人才实践能力,拓展国内外合作交流渠道,推进国际法学科体系建设。

以高质量共建“一带一路”为例,目前我国已与150多个国家和30多个国际组织签订了200多份共建“一带一路”合作文件,与共建国家进出口累计19.1万亿美元,年均增速6.4%,高于同期全球贸易平均增速。随着贸易规模持续扩大,近年来,在合作过程中出现的法律案件也呈现类型多元、法律适用较为复杂等特点。这再次表明,我国亟需一大批能够解决贸易壁垒法律问题、熟悉对象国家法律制度、能够有针对性地解决相应法律争端的涉外法治人才。

随着我国越来越重视涉外法治建设,相关领域的高质量人才培养也在提速,但就当前阶段来看依然存在一些问题。比如,涉外法治人才培养体制机制效率相对较低,内容相对宽泛。涉外法治工作综合性强,从业人员不仅要了解多种法律制度,还应熟悉包括政治、军事、外交、国际关系以及历史文化在内的多方面知识。而我国目前的涉外法治人才培养方案仍存在内容不够具体、教学针对性不强等问题。

再如,涉外法治人才培养的实践能力和熟练度还不够高。截至2023年年底,我国能够从事涉外法律实务的律师不足1万人,能够在境外参与诉讼、仲裁庭审的律师不足300人,能够在WTO等国际组织争议解决机构中提供国际法律服务的律师更少。这反映出我国涉外法治人才培养的平台和资源整合度不够高,培养方案存在对实践能力教学的重视不够等问题。

笔者近年来一直从事涉外法治人才的教学和相关研究,深感我们亟需有针对性地解决相关问题。具体而言,或许可从以下方面着手。

一是切实创新涉外法治人才培养体系。对当前相对碎片化的培养体系加以改进,完善国际法知识体系,提升涉外法治人才综合素养,加强国内和国际教学资源整合,进一步加强高校、政府机构和社会之间的协调合作等。为此,可探索和尝试国内外联合培养、“法学+外语”“法学+非法学+外语”等模式。

二是有效强化涉外法治人才的实践能力,打通理论与实务部门的互通渠道。法学作为实践性和应用性极强的专业,培养解决实际问题的能力成为重中之重。为此,需要打破培养壁垒,强化高校与高校之间的协同、高校与实务部门之间的协同、国内与国际之间的协同。同时,进一步改进和优化实训课程的类型和实施方案;通过模拟法庭、模拟仲裁、模拟联合国、成案研讨等模式,锻炼学生的实践应用能力。另外,充分利用高质量共建“一带一路”和《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)等平台加强涉外法律实践,不断拓展对外交流合作渠道,积极布局海外实践基地,为涉外法治人才提供更多实践机会。

三是加速推进国际法学科体系建设,打造高校人才培养特色。涉外人才培养的基础是学科建设,没有学科依托,人才培养便缺乏根基。因此,可优先完善法学学科体系,进一步细化国际法专业课程设置,为此可采取在法学本科教学或招生中增设“国际班”“涉外班”等专项教学项目。同时,应注重因地制宜、因材施教,避免同质化的涉外法治人才培养。比如,相关高校可有计划地招收来自“一带一路”共建国家的留学生,有针对性地培养“国际组织人才”“涉外立法执法司法人才”等,切实做好人才储备工作。(作者是西北政法大学国家级涉外法治研究基地副主任)

【环球时报】张超汉:加强涉外法治人才实践能力https://hqtime.huanqiu.com/share/article/4J09tFLbKeU

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